What does the term "bilateral mastectomy" refer to?

The term "bilateral mastectomy" specifically refers to the surgical procedure that involves the removal of both breasts. This can be a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of breast cancer or a treatment for those diagnosed with cancer in one or both breasts. By removing both breasts, the procedure aims to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and further complications associated with breast cancer.

In contrast, the other options describe different procedures or actions: the removal of one breast pertains to "unilateral mastectomy," the removal of breast tissue from one side implies less extensive surgery such as a lumpectomy, and removing lymph nodes only does not involve breast tissue removal at all. Understanding these distinctions is essential for comprehending surgical options and their implications for breast cancer treatment and prevention.